Katsura S, Oka E, Sato K (2015) Formation mechanism of barrier layer in the subtropical Pacific. Katsura S (2018) Properties, formation, and dissipation of the North Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water and its impact on interannual spiciness anomalies. Kao HY, Lagerloef GSE (2015) Salinity fronts in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Jochum M, Malanotte-Rizzoli P, Busalacchi A (2004) Tropical instability waves in the Atlantic Ocean. Isobe A, Isoda Y (1997) Circulation in the Japan Basin, the northern part of the Japan Sea. Huang CJ, Qiao F, Dai D (2014) Evaluating CMIP5 simulations of mixed layer depth during summer. įuruichi N, Hibiya T, Niwa Y (2012) Assessment of turbulence closure models for resonant inertial response in the oceanic mixed layer using a large eddy simulation model. ĭucet N, Le Traon PY, Reverdin G (2000) Global high-resolution mapping of ocean circulation from TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1 and -2. ĭorman CE, Beardsley RC, Dashko NA, Friehe CA, Kheilf D, Cho K, Limeburner R, Varlamov SM (2004) Winter marine atmospheric conditions over the Japan Sea. Ĭronin MF, Tozuka T (2016) Steady state ocean response to wind forcing in extratropical frontal regions. Ĭronin MF, McPhaden MJ (2002) Barrier layer formation during westerly wind bursts. (1992)022%3c0859:LASHFA%3e2.0.CO 2Ĭhen SS, Zhao W, Tenerelli JE, Evans RH, Halliwell V (2001) Impact of the AVHRR sea surface temperature on atmospheric forcing in the Japan/East Sea. Ĭayan DR (1992) Latent and sensible heat flux anomalies over the Northern Oceans: driving the sea surface temperature. This study reveals unique features of the frontolysis in the eastern JS compared with the Agulhas Return Current and Kuroshio Extension regions.Īkima H (1970) A new method of interpolation and smooth curve fitting based on local procedures. Therefore, it is shown that the mixed layer processes cause seasonality of weaker (stronger) frontolysis by surface heat fluxes, damping (enhancing) the frontolysis by the NHF gradient in winter (summer). Owing to weaker sensitivity of the thicker mixed layer on the southern side to surface warming, the MLD gradient enhances the frontolysis by the NHF gradient. In the shoaling phase (April–June), a deeper mixed layer south of the front is caused by the weaker warming and reduced sensitivity of the thicker mixed layer to a shoaling effect by shortwave radiation. Since the resulting thicker mixed layer on the southern side is less sensitive to surface cooling, the mixed layer depth (MLD) gradient damps the frontolysis by the NHF gradient. In the mixed-layer deepening phase (September–January), a higher entrainment velocity occurs on the warm southern side because of weaker stratification. As a result, stronger wintertime cooling and weaker summertime warming occur south of the front, and the meridional gradient in the surface net heat flux (NHF) tends to relax the SST front throughout the year. On the warm southern side of the front, larger air–sea specific humidity and temperature differences induce stronger turbulent heat release compared to the cool northern side. Frontolysis mechanisms by which surface heat flux relaxes the sea surface temperature (SST) front in the eastern Japan Sea (JS) are investigated in detail using observational datasets.
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